Charles-Louis de Secondat Montesquieu
Charles-Louis de Secondat Montesquieu är född 18 januari 1689 i Gironde och dog 10 februari 1755 i Paris. Montesquieu kom från en adlig släkt från 1500-talet. Han studerade vid det katolska universitetet Collège de Juilly, efter det tog han juristexamen i Bordeaux och sedan fortsatte han sina studier inom juridik i Paris. Montesquieu gifte sig med Jeanne de Latrigue 1715, de fick 3 barn tillsammans en son och två döttrar.
Hans far dog 1713 och då ärvde Montesquieu mycket av sin fars egendomar och titlar så han blev utsedd till baron de La Bréde och 1714 fick han en plats i ett parlamentsråd i Bordeaux.
Montesquieu var en fransk filosof och författare som har utvecklat den tredelade maktdelningen. Han fick idén från den Romerska republiken eftersom det var de som började med separationen inom regeringen, där de delade upp de i olika avdelningar. Regeringen delades upp i tre grupper som bestod av konsuler, senaten och folkförsamlingar. Tanken med att dela upp i grupper var för att ingen skulle kunna dra nytta av att bli för maktfull, man ville ha rättvisa i samhället inte en enväldig härskare och det var det Montesquieu ville förmedla.
John Locke skapade en bättre grund på det hela men det Montesquieu gjorde var att färdigställa resultatet för maktprinciperna.
Det Montesquieu ville åstadkomma var att göra stora förändringar i samhället där politik var en av dem. I sin maktfördelningslära ville han att makten skulle bestå av tre befogenheter: den lagstiftande, verkställande och den dömande. Därför ville han att parlamentet skulle delas upp i två olika departement. Lagarna som han kommit på har skapat en stor betydelse för världen då den förklarar hur ett land ska styras i rättvisa. Enligt Montesquieu skulle dessa lagar skapa en bra balans i samhället. USA har tagit hans idéer på stort allvar och de har en mycket stor betydelse, även Sverige har tagit vara på idéerna.
Rousseau och Voltaire var emot Montesquieus idéer. De ansåg att hans idéer inte riktigt stämde. Men det struntade Montesquieu i. De hade alla olika idéer med stora skillnader och olika åsikter där av det blev lite rivalitet mellan motparterna.
Referenser:
http://www.ne.se/lang/charles-louis-de-secondat-montesquieu
Samband Historia, Ericsson, Hansson, Bonniers Utbildning AB, första upplagan 2009, s. 221
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